ThEoRy DiRecT And IndiRect SpeeCh

 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

       Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kata-kata (kalimat) yang di ucapkan langsung dari pembicara. Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) adalah ungkapan yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain tanpa mengubah arti. Dalam kalimat tak langsung, kita menceritakan kembali apa yang dikatakan oleh pembicara.

Contoh-contoh :

•  Direct    : Amir said, “I am ill”
•  Indirect  : Amir said that he was ill.
•  Direct    : Nora said, “Sit down, Ali”
• Indirect  : Nora told Ali to sit down
• Direct    : He said, “Don’t come here, Arief”
• Indirect  : He told Arief not to come here.
• Direct    : “She said, “I am doing my homework”
• Indirect  : She said that she was doing her homework.
• Direct     : The children said to me, “Will you give us anything?”
• Indirect  : The children asked me if (whether) I would give them something.
• Direct    : Anita said, “Are you a student?”
• Indirect  : Anita asked me if I was student.
• Direct    : Nora said, “What is your name?”
• Indirect  : Nora asked me what my name was.
• Direct    : Ali said to Nora, “Where do you live?”
• Indirect  : Ali asked Nora where she lived.
• Direct    : Father said to mother, “Why are you listening to the radio?”
• Indirect  : Father asked mother why she was listening to the radio.
• Direct    : He said to us, “Do you sing a song?”
• Indirect  : He asked us if we sang a song.

        Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikanlah perubuhan-perubahan yang terdapat dalam Direct dan Indirect Speech yang tercantum dalam tabel berikut ini :

DIRECT ------------------------------- INDIRECT

Present Tense -------------------------- Past Tense

Present Continuous Tense ------------- Past continuous tense

Present Future Tense ------------------- Past future tense

Present Perfect Tense ------------------ Past Perfect tense

Past Tense ----------------------------- Past Perfect tense

Past Continuous Tense --------------- Past Perfect Continuous tense

Past Future Tense -------------------- Past future perfect Tense

Now ----------------------------------- Then

Yesterday ------------------------------ The day before

Last night -------------------------------The night before

Two day ago --------------------------- Two days before

Today---------------------------------- That day

To night -------------------------------- That night

Tomorrow ---------------------------  The next day,the following day

Next week/year ----------------------- The following week/year

Here,this,these ------------------------- There,that,those
Can,will,shall,may --------------------- Could,would,sould,might

I --------------------------------------- He atau She

You ----------------------------------- He atau She atau They

My/our -------------------------------- His atau her

Hal-hal yang pelu diperhatikan dalam bentuk ini adalah :

1.       Perubahan Tenses.

2.       Perubahan kata ganti.

3.       Perubahan kata keterangan waktu/tempat.

4.       Perubahan perubahan bentuk kalimat (Questions)

5.       Apabila Direct kalimat positive makaindirectnya juga harus positive.

6.       Apabila Direct kalimat perintah/permintaan maka Indirectnya menggunakan –TO...

Contoh : Direct    : Ali said, “Give me some money”

                   Indirect : Ali told me to give him some money.

7.       Apabila kalimatnya adalah kalimat larangan maka indirectnya menggunakan –NOT TO ...

Contoh : Direct   : “Don’t disturb my sister friends, Ali said.

                   Indirect : Ali told hid friends not to disturb his sister.

8.       Apabila kalimatnya berbentuk Interrogative (?) maka Indirect nya menggunakan –IF atau WHETHER ...., dan kalimatnya kembali pada susunan kalimat positive (+).

Contoh : Direct   : Ali said to me, “Are you student ?”

                   Indirect : Ali asked me if (whether) Iwas a student.

9.       Jika kalimat tanya diawali Question Words (What,wher,when,way,how ... wtc) maka Indirectnya langsung juga diawali dengan Question Words tersebut, dan kalimatnya kembali kepada susunan positive.

         Contoh : Direct   : Ali said “Where do you go with my sister ?”

                          Indirect : Ali assked me where I went with his sister ?