1.
Simple Present Tenses
“This tense is used to
express something that is permanent,
custom or truths. Because often about events
in the past the, present, and future,
these tenses at
least have information specific time. English sentences
generally must have
a subject (s) and predicate (p).
Therefore all be formulated
such that tenses.”
Formula
:
·
Subject + to be + verb I +
Main verb
·
Subject + verbI +(s/es)
Simple Present Tense is used when:
a.
It happened to be a general, or
b.
Happens all the time, or the customs
of the past, present and future, or
c.
It happened not only happening
now, or
d.
Characteristically general truth, that other people will not
be able to deny the truth anymore.
Example :
o
He
is handsome
o
Iis
he handsome?
o
He
is not handsome
2.
Present Continuous
Tense
“This tense is used to express an action
that is really being done at this time. The sentences in these tenses is more often used than
at present tenses.”
Formula :
·
subject + to be (is,
am, are) + kata kerja + ing
This tense is used
to describe:
a.
Incident is happening now, or
b.
The incident will happen in the
future
Example :
o
She
is cooking in the kitchen.
o
She
is not cooking in the kitchen.
o
Is
she cooking in the kitchen?
3.
Present Perfect Tense
“Used to declare an event in the past without mentioning the specific time (s).”
Formula :
·
subject + have + past
participle (Kata Kerja Bentuk ke-3)
This tense is used to:
a. experience
b. change
c. sustainable situation
d. or to show an event that is
completed in a short time (just finished)
Example :
o
they
have met me
o
have
they met me?
o
they
have not met me
4.
Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
“Used
to express the actions that have been initiated in the past and
is still continuing. The tenses are also
used to tell the
events that began in the past and has
just finished. In the present perfect continuous, there is clarity as
time "since 1990,
for four hours". The time information
is a key feature of the present perfect continuous tense because it
shows when the activity occurred.”
Formula :
·
subject + have / has +
been + K.Kerja + ing
We use this tense to describe:
a. One event / activity
that just took place
b. One act that lasted
until now (at
the time still talk occurs)
Example :
o
They
have been playing football
o
They
have not been playing football
o
Have
they been playing football?
5.
Simple Past Tense
Simple
past tense is a kind of tenses
are used to express the events that have
occurred at a particular time in
the past.
a.
Type of events can be short or
long.
b.
Also can be several events happening one
after one.
In general, there are two important facts to keep in mind the
simple past tense is:
ü There are hundreds of kinds of irregular
verbs (Irregular Verbs) with different shapes
ü The form of negative sentences
and questions (interrogative)
in contrast to the positive tense example:
o
You called Daniel
o
Did you call Daniel?
o
You did not call Daniel. .
In
the example there are 3 negative
sentences with a form
of positive, negative, and interrogative. In
negative and interrogative
sentences verb "call" is not written in the
form Verb II because there did as a
marker of the past so that
the verb "call" is written
in the form Verb I.
Formula
:
1)
Positive Form :
ü Subject + was/were + complement (pelengkap)
ü Subject + Verb II + Object
Example :
o
I
saw a movie yesterday
o
Last
year, Daniel was here
2)
Negative Shape :
ü Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
ü Subject + did not + Verb I + Object
Example :
o
I
did not see him yesterday
o
She
was not here yesterday
3)
Bentuk Interrogative
:
ü Did + Subject + Verb I + Object + ?
Example :
o
Did you play football yesterday?
There are some functions of the simple past tense is:
a.
Stating activity / activities that have
occurred in the past . Usually the actors in the sentence does not state when the
activity ends . example :
o
I saw a movie yesterday .
o
Did you have your dinner last night ?
o
He did not wash his car .
b.
Stating some activities that have
occurred in the past . Usually over a number of activitie . example :
o
I finished work , walked to the beach ,
and found a nice place to swim
o
He arrived from the airport at 8:00 am
, checked into the hotel at 9:00 am , and met others at 10:00 am
o
Did you add flour , pour in the milk ,
and then eggs ?
c.
Stated period of activity that has
occurred in the past . The time duration is usually described long . Could be
two years ,
o
I lived in Brazil for two years
o
Shauna Studied Japanese for five years
.
d.
Stating habits happened and had stopped
in the past . This form is the same as "Used to ". Usually we add
time information such as always , often, usually . example :
o
I Studied Japanese language when I was
a child .
o
She worked at the movie theater , when
she was in junior high school.
e.
Stated general truths that have
occurred in the past that has not happened again . example:
o
She was shy as a child , but now she is
easy going /
o
He did not like tomatoes before .
6.
Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense or past progressive tense is a verb form that is used to express that an action is happening at a particular time in the past. The action has been initiated but not yet completed at the time.
Jenis
Kalimat
|
Rumus
|
Contoh Past Continuous Tense
|
||
positif (+)
|
S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present participle
|
The team was running
|
||
The workers were queuing
|
||||
negatif (-)
|
S + be(was/were) + not + V1-ing/present participle
|
The team was not running
|
||
The workers weren’t queuing
|
||||
interogatif (?)
|
be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present participle?
|
Was the team running
|
||
Were the workers queuing
|
||||
Fungsi
|
Contoh kalimat Past Continuous
Tense
|
|||
Past continuous tense untuk mengindikasikan suatu aksi yang terjadi selama
momen tertentu di masa lampau.
|
I was shopping at this time
yesterday.
(Saya sedang belanja pada jam ini
kemarin.)
|
|||
What was she doing
at 5 am this morning?
(Apa yang sedang dia lakukan jam 5
pagi ini?)
|
||||
They were roasting corn at
this time last night.
(Mereka sedang membakar jagung
pada jam ini kemarin malam.)
|
||||
I was doing physically
exercises all day yesterday.
(Saya sedang melakukan
latihan-latihan fisik sepanjang hari kemarin.)
|
||||
Untuk menunjukkan bahwa ada aksi
berdurasi pendek (simple past tense) yang terjadi ketika suatu aksi
berdurasi panjang (past continuous tense) sedang berlangsung.
|
She was sleeping when
you called her.
(Dia sedang tidur ketika kamu
meneleponnya.)
|
|||
The door was knocked while I was studying.
(Pintu diketuk ketika saya sedang belajar.) |
||||
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengolok-olok atau mengkritik aksi yang
terjadi pada interval acak namun sebenarnya merupakan kebiasaan alami.
|
The girl was always yelling
out loud.
(Anak itu selalu menjerit
keras-keras.)
|
|||
My neighbor was always chasing
stray cats off with his broom.
(Tetangga saya selalu mengusir
kucing-kucing liar dengan sapunya.)
|
||||
7.
Past Perfect Tense
Past
Perfect Tense is
the tense that is used to show the events that happened in the past and continue to take place finishes in the past or the next.
Formula :
·
had + subject + Kata
Kerja Bentuk ke – 3
When do we use
the Past
Perfect Tense? This tense expresses action in the past before another action occurs, but it happened in the past.
Example :
·
I
had listen the radio when you come here
8.
Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
Formula :
- subject + had + been + Kata Kerja + ing
When
do we use
the Past
Perfect Tense? This tense expresses action in the past before another action occurs.
Example :
·
She
had been helping me when they went to scool
9.
Simple Future Tense
Formula :
·
subject + WILL/SHALL +
Kata Kerja Bentuk I
When do we use the Past Perfect Tense?
- No plan or Declare Previous acts / events that will be conducted in the future. example: Hold on. I'll get a pen.
- Prediction. Example: It will rain tomorrow.
NON-VERBAL SENTENCE
When a sentence is not a predicate
verb, then use would it be to replace the verb. Example: I'll be in London
tomorrow.
Note:
When we have a plan or desire to
perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or the Present
Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.
10. Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous
tense or future progressive tense is a verb form used to express action that
will be taking place at a specific time in the future. The action has been
initiated but not yet completed at the time.
Jenis
Kalimat
|
Rumus
|
Contoh
Future Continuous Tense
|
||
positif
(+)
|
S + will be + V1-ing/present participle
|
He
will be sleeping
|
||
You
and I will be walking
|
||||
negatif
(-)
|
S + will + not + be + V1-ing/present participle
|
He
will not be sleeping
|
||
You
and I won’t be walking
|
||||
interogatif
(?)
|
Will + S + be + V1-ing/present participle
|
Will
he be sleeping
|
||
Will
you and I be walking
|
||||
Fungsi
|
Contoh
Kalimat Future Continuous Tense
|
|||
Future continuous tense untuk mengindikasikan suatu aksi yang akan sedang terjadi
pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
|
I together with my friend will
be walking on Carita Beach tomorrow morning.
(Saya bersama dengan teman akan berjalan-jalan di Pantai Carita besok pagi.) |
|||
Reny will be working
at the office when you arrive.
(Reny akan sedang kerja di kantor ketika kamu tiba.) |
||||
He will be sleeping at
10 p.m.
(Dia akan sedang tidur jam 10 malam.) |
||||
11.
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect is used to indicate the time of the completion of something.
Formula :
· subject + WILL + HAVE + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3
Example :
They will be tired when they arrive.
Kegunaan :
Future Perfect
indicates the time in which something is done / happen. Example :
ü Next Friday, I‘ll have worked here for 5 years.
Kita
sering menggunakan by untuk menunjukkan waktu sebelum sesuatu
diselesaikan, contoh:
1. Can I borrow you book?
2. You can have it tomorrow, I‘ll
have read it by then.
3. I‘ll have left by the time
you arrive.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future perfect
continuous tense is a verb form that is used to express that an action would
have been going on for so long at a certain point in time in the future.
Jenis
Kalimat
|
Rumus
|
Contoh
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
|
|
positif
(+) |
S + will + have been + V1-ing/present participle
|
They
will have been playing
|
|
The
cat will have been sleeping long.
|
|||
negatif
(-) |
S + will + not + have been + V1-ing/present participle
|
They
will not have been playing
|
|
The
cat won’t have been sleeping
|
|||
interogatif
(?) |
will + S + have been + V1-ing/present participle
|
Will
they have been playing
|
|
Will
the cat have been sleeping
|
|||
Fungsi
|
Contoh
Kalimat Future Perfect Continuous Tense
|
||
Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang aksi yang panjang
sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
|
He will have been studying
in Cairo for a year by the end of next month.
|
||
Andra will have been waiting
for three months when the corn is ready to harvest.
|
|||
Will you have been writing the report before the branch
manager observes?
|
|||
13.
Past Future Tense
Past future
tense or "future in the past" is a verb form to discuss the future from the perspective of the past. More specifically, this form is used to declare an action to be performed, either voluntarily or planned, make predictions, and make an appointment in the future at the moment is in the past. Past future tense
is often used in reported speech.
Jenis
Kalimat
|
Rumus
Past Future Tense
|
Contoh
Past Future Tense
|
|
positif
(+) |
S + would + bare infinitive
S + was/were + going to + bare infinitive |
He
would forgive you.
|
|
Lia
was going to give two beautiful scarfs to her friend.
|
|||
negatif
(-) |
S + would + not + bare infinitive
S + was/were + not + going to + bare infinitive |
He
wouldn’t forgive you.
|
|
Lia
wasn’t going to give two beautiful scarfs to her friend.
|
|||
interogatif
(?) |
Would + S + bare infinitive?
Was/were + S + going to + bare infinitive ? |
Would
he forgive you?
|
|
Was
Lia going to give two beautiful scarfs to her friend?
|
|||
Fungsi
|
Contoh
Kalimat Past Future Tense
|
||
Past future tense untuk menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan secara
sukarela (would).
|
I knew you would prepare
all the things for the meeting.
|
||
Past future tense untuk menyatakan aksi yang direncanakan (was/were
going to).
|
They told that they were
going to visit Lombok.
|
||
I thought she was going to
enroll the course.
|
|||
Past future tense untuk dapat digunakan untuk membuat janji (would).
|
My uncle told me that he would
come on time.
|
||
She promised she would give
me a box of banana cake.
|
|||
Past future tense untuk dapat digunakan untuk membuat prediksi (would
& was/were going to).
|
My father had a strong feeling
that the weather would be
|
||
I thought that the authorities were
going to investigate all allegations of fraud.
|
|||
Rumus bentuk pasif dari past
future tense :
S
+ would + be + Verb-3 / Past Participle
|
||||
S
+ was/were + going to + be + Verb-3 / Past Participle
|
||||
No
|
Active
Past Future Tense
|
Passive
Past Future Tense
|
||
1
|
I
knew she would finish the task in an hour.
|
I
knew the task would be finished in an hour.
|
||
2
|
We
thought Rizma was going to buy a new car.
|
We
thought a new car was going to be bought by Rizma.
|
||
14. Past
Future Continuous Tense
Past Future
Continuous tells an action would be in progress in the past.
Formula :
(+) S + was/were + going to be + Verb-ing
Example : She was going to be Cooking this morning
(-)
S + was/were + not + going to be + Verb-ing
Example : She wasn’t going to be cooking this
morning
(?)
Was/were + S + going to be + Verb-ing
Example : was she going to be cooking this morning?
Time signals for this tense is time in the past
like, this morning, yesterday, last night, last week and so on.
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
This
tense is used to express the events that WILL be done, BUT in the past, not the
present.
Formula :
Jenis
Kalimat
|
Rumus
|
Contoh
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
|
|
positif
(+) |
S + will + have been + V1-ing/present participle
|
They will have been playing
|
|
The cat will have been sleeping
long.
|
|||
negatif
(-) |
S + will + not + have been + V1-ing/present participle
|
They will not have been playing
|
|
The cat won’t have been sleeping
|
|||
interogatif
(?) |
will + S + have been + V1-ing/present participle
|
Will they have been playing
|
|
Will the cat have been sleeping
|
|||
Fungsi
|
Contoh
Kalimat Future Perfect Continuous Tense
|
||
Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang aksi yang panjang
sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
|
He will have been studying
in Cairo for a year by the end of next month.
(Dia akan telah belajar di Kairo selama setahun pada akhir bulan depan.) |
||
Andra will have been waiting
for three months when the corn is ready to harvest.
(Andra akan telah menunggu selama tiga bulan ketika jagung siap panen.) |
|||
Will you have been writing the report before the branch
manager observes?
(Kamu akan telah menulis laporan sebelum manager cabang meninjau?) |
|||
16.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past
Future Perfect Continuous Tense emphasizes on the course and the duration of
the action. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to tell an action
which would have been happening until a certain time (period) in the past.
Formula :
(+) S + would + have
+ been + verb-ing
Example
: Chris would have been working for 6 years when he get fired
(-) S+ would + not + have + been + verb-ing
Example
: Chris wouldn’t have
been working for 6 years when he get fired
(?) Would + subject + have + been + verb-ing?
Example
: Would Chris have been
working for 6 years when he get fired?
KESIMPULAN
1.
Present Simple Tense S + V1 + dll
2.
Present Continuous Tense S + is, am,
are + V-ing + dll
3.
Present Perfect Tense S + have,has +
V3 + dll
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense S +
have, has + been + V-ing + dll
5.
Past Simple Tense S + V2 + dll
6.
Past Continuous Tense S + was, were
+ V-ing + dll
7.
Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 +
dll
8.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense S +
had + been + V-ing + dll
9.
Future Simple Tense S + will + V1 +
dll
10. Future
Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing + dll
11. Future
Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 + dll
12. Future
Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V-ing + dll
13. Past
Future Simple Tense S + would + V1 + dll
14. Past
Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V-ing + dll
15. Past
Future Perfect Tense S + would + have + V3 + dll
16. Past
Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing + dll
Sumber :
